2-2-2 New Forms of Suffering / Neue Leiden
Volume 2 Part 2: Bioenergetic Analysis in the Postmodern Age Chapter 2.2

New Forms of Suffering

Mental Disorders and Social Change

The process of individualization that has increasingly been observed in industrial societies since the 19th century has produced specific expressions of mental suffering that are closely interrelated with the political, technological and cultural values of the respective epoch. The author traces these changes from an initially psychodynamic and later bioenergetic perspective. In doing so, he refers in depth to the current postmodern zeitgeist and shows that the current individualized understanding of identity favors the occurrence of exhaustion-related illnesses such as depression. The reasons for this lie above all in the failure of the early childhood tasks of growing autonomy. More precisely, the child cannot sufficiently acquire the mental abilities to accept separateness (oral stage), abandonment (anal stage) and exclusion (oedipal stage), which leads to deficits in the development of the inner mental structure. Accordingly, the author pleads for bringing the aspect of coping with children’s developmental tasks more into the focus of bioenergetic therapy.

Link to the original publication at Routledge

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  • With the introduction of hypnosis for the treatment of hysteria, mental disorders were recognized as independent illnesses for the first time in 1878.
  • How mental disorders express themselves is always closely tied to the social, cultural and technological developments of the respective epochs.
  • While Psychoanalysis has always responded to sociocultural changes in its theories, Bioenergetic Analysis has not adapted sufficiently to social change since the 1970s, when its offer of being able to live a life rooted in one’s own feelings struck a chord with so many.
  • At present, the process of individualization is strongly influenced by postmodern cultural theories, which consider the idea of a coherent, stable sense of self to be obsolete. Instead, they argue for a societal shift toward self-determined individualization, which also includes the free choice of gender identity.
  • This individualized understanding of identity in postmodernity leads to an increased occurrence of exhaustion-related illnesses such as depression or burnout, which can only be inadequately explained by the character defense model of Bioenergetic Analysis.
  • However, since affects that are rooted in the body remain an indispensable condition of being alive, not only from the perspective of Bioenergetic Analysis, psychodynamic theoretical approaches to coping with early childhood tasks of growing autonomy should be integrated into the bioenergetic character defense model.
  • Bioenergetic therapists can then investigate together with their clients to what extent their mental abilities to accept separateness (oral phase), abandonment (anal phase) and exclusion (oedipal phase), which are central to an individualized life, are available or must first be gradually acquired within the safe framework of the therapeutic relationship.

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